Linguistic terminology terms | LETTER - H
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Definition
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Habitual aspect is an imperfective aspect that expresses the occurrence of an event or state as characteristic of a period of time.
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Example (English)
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Generic
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Habitual aspect is a kind of
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Examples (English)
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In the following construction, the
noun
chair
heads the
noun phrase
. It also determines number on the verb:
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In the following construction, the
verb
given
heads the
verb phrase
would have given.
It also determines the occurrence of a
direct object
and
indirect object
later in the clause:
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Generic
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A head is a kind of
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What is the head of a phrase?
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Definition
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The head of a phrase is the element that determines the syntactic function of the whole phrase.
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Example (English)
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In a noun phrase, the head is the noun that refers to the same entity that the whole phrase refers to, such as:
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'hat' in 'the man in the brown suit’s hat'
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Note:
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The head of an English noun phrase usually comes after the
dependents
(the non-head elements in the phrase).
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Definition
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A headword is the form which introduces an entry in a printed dictionary. It is the form by which a
dictionary
is sorted.
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Depending upon the language, the headword for an entry may be the
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base form, or
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citation form.
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Also known as:
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entry form
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entry word
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lemma
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lexical item
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Definition
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A hedged performative is an indirect illocution whose
illocutionary force
is expressed directly by a
performative verb
but is given an additional illocutionary force by some device, such as modalization or subordination.
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Examples (English)
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May I ask if you're married?
has the indirect force of
I ask if you're married.
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I must warn you not to discuss this in public
has the indirect force of
I warn you ...
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We regret to inform you that the aspidistra stands are no longer obtainable
has the indirect force of
We inform you ...
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I want to thank you for the gift
has the indirect force of
I thank you ...
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Generic
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A hedged performative is a kind of
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What is a hesitation pause?
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Definition
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A hesitation pause is conversational silence that occurs within a
turn
.
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Generic
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A hesitation pause is a kind of
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What is hesternal past tense?
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Definition
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Hesternal past tense is a past tense that refers to a time that is located somewhere in the span beginning with the period defined culturally as "yesterday" and extends back through some period that is considered nonremote.
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Generic
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A hesternal past tense is a kind of
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What is a hierarchical lexical relation?
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Underlying structure
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A hierarchical set has the structure of a scale.
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See:
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What is a lexical relation with a scale structure
for other examples of similar lexical relations in English.
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What is hodiernal future tense?
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Definition
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Hodiernal future tense is a future tense that refers to a time that is located after the moment of
utterance
within the span culturally defined as "today."
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Generic
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Hodiernal future tense is a kind of
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What is hodiernal past tense?
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Definition
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Hodiernal past tense is a past tense that refers to a time as located before the moment of
utterance
within the span culturally defined as "today."
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Generic
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Hodiernal past tense is a kind of
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Definition
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A homograph is word that has the same spelling as another. Homographs differ from each other in
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meaning
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origin, and
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sometimes pronunciation.
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Examples
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bow,
the front part of a ship
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bow,
to bend
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bow,
a decorative knot
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Definition
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Here are three senses of homonym.
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Examples
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Here are some examples of homonyms in English listed according to sense:
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Definition
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A homophone is a
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group of two or more letters representing the same speech sound, or
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homonym
(sense 1).
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Examples
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Here are some examples of homophones in English listed according to the senses above:
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Definition
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Homophora is
reference
that depends on cultural knowledge or other general knowledge, rather than on specific features of a particular context.
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Examples (English)
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The use of
the President
in the U.S.
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The use of
the sun
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The use of
the baby
between parents to refer to their own baby
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The use of
bees
to refer generically to the class of bees in
Bees make honey
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Generic
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Homophora is a kind of
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Definition
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An honorific is a grammatical form, typically a word or affix, that is
socially deictic
It expresses, as at least part of its meaning, the relative social status of the
speaker
with .
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Examples (French)
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Kinds
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Here are some kinds of honorifics:
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Generic
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An honorific is a kind of
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What is horizontal deixis?
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Definition
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Horizontal deixis is a type of
place deixis
that has no component of meaning indicating location upward or downward, in a system of place deictic expressions that make such distinctions of verticality.
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What is hortatory discourse?
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Definition
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Hortatory discourse is a discourse that is an attempt to persuade the
addressee
to fulfill commands that are given in the discourse.
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Discussion
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A hortatory discourse typically consists of
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one or more commands that are logically related to each other, and
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expressions offering motivation in support of the respective commands.
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Features
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Commands are supported by reasons.
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Second person
pronoun forms are used.
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Texts are oriented toward an agent.
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Tests are not organized chronologically.
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Examples
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Guidelines for newlyweds
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A political speech
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Warnings to children
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A sermon
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Generic
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A hortatory discourse is a kind of
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Definition
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Hortatory
text
is a text which represents an attempt on the part of the
speaker
to get the
addressee
to do something or to act in a certain way.
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Definition
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A host is the preceding or following word to which a
clitic
is phonologically joined.
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Definition
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A human class is a noun class that has human
referents
.
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Discussion
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In some languages, human class is a grammaticalized noun class.
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Generic
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A human class is a kind of
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Definition
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Hyperbole is deliberate exaggeration for emotional effect. The
addressee
is not expected to have a literal understanding of the expression.
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Example (English)
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Kind
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Here is a kind of hyperbole:
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Generic
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A hyperbole is a kind of
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What is hypothetical mood?
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Definition
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Hypothetical mood is an epistemic mood that signals that the
speaker
evaluates a
proposition
as counterfactual, but otherwise possible.
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Example (Lakhota)
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Generic
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Hypothetical mood is a kind of
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