Linguistic terminology terms | LETTER - B
What is a background relation?
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Definition
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A background relation is an interpropositional relation in which one or more
propositions
are provided as information necessary for the proper understanding of some other proposition(s).
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Example (English)
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Generic
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A background relation is a kind of
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What is a balance schema?
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Definition
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A balance schema is a force schema that
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provides an understanding of physical or metaphorical counteracting forces
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is based on a prototypical schema consisting of countervailing forces acting on a target that is a
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is based on bodily experience, such as maintaining
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erect posture
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normal bodily states, such as temperature, and
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may be applied metaphorically to provide an understanding of other experiences, such as balance of the visual field with respect to art.
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Kinds
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Here are some kinds of balance schemata:
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Generic
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A balance schema is a kind of
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What is a beginning-postspan relation?
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Definition
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A beginning–postspan relation is a temporal relation in which an event or state is expressed as marking the initiation of a durative event or state.
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Example (English)
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Generic
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A beginning–postspan relation is a kind of
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What is benefactive case?
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Definition
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Benefactive case is a case that expresses that the
referent
of the
noun
it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause.
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Generic
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Benefactive case is a kind of
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What is a beneficiary as a semantic role?
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Definition
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A beneficiary is the
semantic role
of a
referent
which is advantaged or disadvantaged by an event.
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Example (English)
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Generic
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A beneficiary is a kind of
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What is a biconditional relation?
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Definition
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A biconditional relation is a relation between a consequent and a condition. The consequent is true or in force if and only if the condition is true, with the result that there is a conditional relation in both directions between the related
propositions
.
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Example (English)
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Generic
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A biconditional relation is a kind of
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What is a blockage schema?
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Definition
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A blockage schema is a force schema in which a force is physically or metaphorically stopped or redirected by an obstacle.
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Example (English)
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Generic
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A blockage schema is a kind of
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What is a blocking circumstance?
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Definition
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A blocking circumstance is a factor, sometimes expressed along with a
concession relation
, that
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thwarts an expected event or state, and
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results in an unexpected event or state.
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Example (English)
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What is a bound morpheme?
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Definition
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A bound morpheme is a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme.
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Example (English)
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The plural morpheme
-s
in dogs
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Generic
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A bound morpheme is a kind of
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Definition
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A bound root is a
root
which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.
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Definition
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A bound stem is a
stem
which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.
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Definition
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Bounded deixis is
place deixis
that has a component of meaning indicative of a border.
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Generic
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Bounded deixis is a kind of
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Definition
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Boundedness is the presence or absence of a component of meaning indicative of a border at the location indicated in an expression of
place deixis
.
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Examples (English expressions)
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Kinds
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Here are some kinds of boundedness:
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What is a brand-new entity?
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Definition
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A brand-new entity is a
referent
that
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has not been mentioned previously in the discourse, and
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is assumed by the
speaker
to be previously unknown to the
addressee
.
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Example (English)
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Kind
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Here is a kind of brand-new entity:
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Generic
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A brand-new entity is a kind of
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Definition
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A breathy vowel is one produced by allowing a great deal of air to pass through a slightly open glottis, the aperture between the vocal cords (
Crystal 1985
38 ).
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Generic
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A bystander is a kind of
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What is a bystander honorific?
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Definition
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A bystander honorific is an honorific in which the social status of some other person present is expressed through choices made among linguistic alternants. These choices
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are made based upon the person’s relationship to the
speaker
, but
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do not depend on whether
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the alternants refer to the person, or
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the person is the
addressee
.
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Example (Dyirbal, Australia)
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Generic
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A bystander honorific is a kind of
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