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You may have learned that "English has five basic sentence patterns" such as SV (subject + verb) and SVO (subject + verb + object). SVOO (subject + verb + object + object) is fine, but the fifth sentence pattern is SVOC (subject + verb + object + complement), and this "C (complement)" is an adjective or noun. Have you ever thought that it was "not easy to understand" because it was a bunch of words and phrases?
So, this time, in order to understand the meaning of the sentence accurately in the conversation, I would like to see what kind of words are included in the C (complement) of the 5th sentence pattern SVOC.
Let's remember the basic form of the 5th sentence pattern
It is easy to understand that S = subject (subject) is "~ ha / ga", V = verb (verb) is "~ suru / ~ desu", and O = Object (object) is "~ o / ~ ni". , C becomes a complement, that is, a "complementary word", and it gives an unclear impression of what kind of role the word is included in.
First, let's recall the typical form of SVOC that we learned at school and confirm the basic words that enter C.
In the basics of SVOC, adjectives and nouns are entered in C
A typical SVOC statement might look like this:
She makes me happy.
She＝S、makes＝V、me＝O、happy=C
We call him Mike . (We call him Mike)
We＝S、call＝V、her＝O、Mike＝C
happy is an adjective and Mike is a noun.
In terms of meaning, it becomes "O = C"
C (complement) basically plays the role of complementing O (object), and the meaning is "O = C".
She makes me happy.
me = happy
We call him Mike.
him = Mike
No matter what goes into C, the basic meaning of "O = C" is the same.
Let's distinguish the various parts of C
You can understand the meaning of SVOC clearly in a basic sentence, but if you use a verb other than make or call, or if you have various parts of speech in C, the meaning may become difficult to understand. Let's start with the phrases that appear in everyday conversation.
When C becomes a noun
The following statement is also an example of SVOC. Think about the meaning.
I’d like my coffee a latte.
Instead of "Do you want two my coffee and a latte?", It means "my coffee = a latte" and "Please make my coffee a latte."
I’ll have the pizza barbeque.
Instead of "Is there a food named pizza barbeque?", It means "the pizza = barbeque" and "Please make that pizza a barbecue."
When C becomes the original form of the verb
Normally, you might think that C contains adjectives and nouns, but it can also be the prototype of a verb. This is an example of a sentence called "causative" or "perception".
Can you please have her send it?
It's easy to get confused because there are two original forms of the verbs have and send, but with "her = send (it)", it means "please have her send it." In the causative have, the verb after the object is the original form.
I saw the river run faster.
You may be wondering "Why run is the original form? The river ran faster mistake?", But here "the river = run (faster)" means "I saw the river flowing faster". .. In the perceptual verb see, the verb after the object is the original form.
When C becomes a preposition/adverb
Prepositions such as in are usually placed before nouns, but may be placed after verbs as "adverbs". Then you can play the role of "C" in SVOC.
Please let me in.
You may be wondering, "Is something missing after in?", But this in is an adverb "inside", "me = in" means "I'm inside", and let me in means "inside". Put me in. " let is a verb that means "to make".
Keep the TV on.
You may think that this is also "Is something missing after on?", But this on means "(the power of the TV) is on", so "the TV = on" means "TV". "With the TV on", "Keep the TV on" with keep the TV on.
When C becomes a mass of words
C can be a mass of two or more words instead of one.
Can you tell her to come?
The infinitive phrase to come is C, which is the sentence "her = to come" and "Can you tell her to come?"
Please leave the document on the desk.
The prepositional phrase on the desk is C, which is the sentence "the document = on the desk" and "keep the document on the desk".
When listening to or reading an English sentence and thinking "I don't understand the meaning well" or "Why is the form of this sentence?", First, the phrase after the object is actually C (complement), and "object = C (object = C). Please check if it is in the relationship of "complement)".
The fifth sentence pattern may seem daunting at first glance, but it's also often used in online English EnglishPhonetics lessons. If you are told " Please make yourself comfortable .", "Yourself = comfortable" means "Please make yourself comfortable = Please feel at ease." Let me think. Is "me = think", which means "let me think" (in the form of a statement, S is omitted).
Touch as many example sentences as possible in the actual conversation so that you can understand "O = C" sensuously.
Conclusion
SVOC may seem difficult to understand unless you get used to it, but in any case, the basics of "O = C" are the same. First of all, let's touch on a lot of simple example sentences to eliminate the weakness of the 5th sentence pattern.
